Autism and ADHD have distinct brain connectivity signatures, study finds

Autism and ADHD have distinct brain connectivity signatures, study finds

Originally published by Ingrid Fadelli, at Phys.org, on May 31, 2025  

edited by Stephanie Baum, reviewed by Robert Egan

Comparative analysis of brain connectivity in autism and ADHD. Credit: Nature Mental Health (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00431-5

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are among the most well-known neurodevelopmental conditions, estimated to affect approximately 1–3% and 5–7% of the global population, respectively. While people diagnosed with ASD can experience difficulties with social communication, repetitive behaviors and a heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli (e.g., lights, sounds, etc.), those diagnosed with ADHD are often prone to hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention, which makes it harder for them to focus on tasks for extended periods of time.

ADHD and autism often co-occur, with statistics estimating that 50–70% of individuals with ASD also present symptoms of ADHD. While several past neuroscience studies investigated these two distinct neurodevelopmental conditions, the similarities and differences between their neurobiological underpinnings remain poorly understood.

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